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Edgemont (Durham, North Carolina)
The Edgemont neighborhood is a community of mill works located in Durham, North Carolina. Previously known as Smoky Hollow, this area developed around the Durham Hosiery Mills in the late 19th century. Durham was a “raw whistle-stop village” along the Great North Carolina Central Rail Road that transformed into one of the largest tobacco cities in the United States. The Durham City Bull became one of the better-known tobacco trademarks with the help of the big players in the industry, W. T. Blackwell and Company and Julian Carr. The success of these tobacco mills started overflowing into other industries, mainly textile mills that produced cloth bags, socks, and other hosieries. As demands rose, communities began growing and changing around the factories. A shift in the racial make up of the workforce was reflected in Edgemont’s shift to a more African American dominant community as the years progressed. Julian Carr Jr. was one of the first to allow black workers in factory level jobs to help cope with the high demands. This industrialist’s decision to reach over the race barrier is part of what made Durham “the City of the New South.” The Edgemont Neighborhood is just one of many examples of how Durham became one of the more progressive and tolerant locations for African Americans in the country.
== Origin of Durham manufacturing companies ==
The city of Durham materialized off a railroad because it was considered "healthy land," starting its journey towards the tobacco center of the South nearly 100 years later. In a nearby newspaper in 1855, John A. McMannen proposed to develop the area near the train stop by advertising land in the new location. In 1884 and 1887, Julian S. Carr erected the Durham Cotton Manufacturing Company and Golden Belt Manufacturing Company. The cotton manufacturing company made "cloth for tobacco bags to chambrays, gingams … and colored goods." The Golden Belt factory, while less profitable than the cotton factory, expanded rapidly making primarily cloth bags for selling tobacco, flour, and the like. As the cotton and silk business took off, the industry leaders decided to expand their manufacturing options and created hosiery mills, essentially – sock companies. In 1898, Carr merged his Golden Belt Hosiery Company with Durham Hosiery Company, owned by George W. Graham, to create the Durham Hosiery Mills, "a firm destined for success." The business grew rapidly and required another plant to keep up with demands. In 1901, machines were moved to an eastern section of Durham, and the neighborhood of Edgemont grew up around it. To fill the factories, surrounding communities were developed into suitable living spaces, as the newspapers phrased it, "Edgemont will be the beautiful industrial silkworm that will come from the Smoky Hollow cocoon." As Edgemont and other surrounding neighborhoods started to develop, the African American working community already started to move into the region and become a prominent part of the society.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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